Matthew 4:23

Softness

Strongs #G3119 μαλακία (malakia):

Physical Softness: Refers to softness or suppleness, particularly in a physical sense, as seen in medical contexts or descriptions of material properties.

Moral Weakness: Indicates a lack of moral strength, discipline, or self-control, often contrasted with virtues like steadfastness or courage. It denotes a propensity towards indulgence, laxity, or yielding in the face of challenges.

Effeminacy: Implies behaviors or traits traditionally associated with femininity, especially when exhibited by men in a manner perceived as lacking in masculinity or strength. Effeminacy is considered a moral failing and a departure from traditional ideals of masculinity.

Contextual Usage:

• • Found in various ancient Greek texts, including philosophical works, historical accounts, speeches, and dramatic literature, where it's employed to critique individuals or societies perceived to exhibit moral weakness or effeminacy.

• Synonymy:

  • Often used interchangeably with "κιναιδεία" (kinaideia), which specifically denotes effeminacy, further emphasizing its association with behaviors or traits perceived as unmanly or morally weak.

In summary, "μαλακία" (malakia) encompasses physical softness, moral weakness, and effeminacy in the context of ancient Greek culture. It's a term used to critique individuals or societies perceived to lack moral fortitude or to deviate from traditional ideals of masculinity.

Examples:

In Aristotelian philosophy, "μαλακία" (malakia) is used to denote moral weakness, particularly in contrast to the virtue of "καρτερία" (karteria), which signifies steadfastness or self-control. This contrast highlights the moral dimension of the term, suggesting a lack of moral fortitude or discipline.

The example from Menander's work (Men. 201.5) provides a specific instance where "μαλακία" (malakia) is mentioned in a dramatic context. The phrase "τῇ σαυτοῦ ζυγομάχει μαλακίᾳ" (tē sautou zugomakhei malakia) translates to "struggling against your own yoke with weakness." 

(cf. Logeion μαλακία)