Luke 3:1

The name Πόντιος (Pontios) comes from the Greek word Πόντος (Pontos), meaning "sea" or specifically referring to the Black Sea region. Additionally, the greek Πόντος (Pontos) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root pent- meaning "path" or "way," which metaphorically extended to large bodies of water as navigable routes.

τετρααρχοῦντος means "to rule as a tetrarch."

• τετρα- (tetra-) = "four"
• ἀρχέω (archéō) = "to rule" or "to govern"

Ἰτούραιος (Itouraios), which itself is derived from the Ituraean people, an Arab group known for their military skills. The name is likely connected to יטור Jetur (Ιετουρ), mentioned in Genesis 25:15, one of the sons of Ishmael. The Hebrew noun טור tur means row or rank.

Abilene Ἀβιληνή is a region between "Hermon" and "Lebanon" derived from abel, a meadow: