John 19:20

Τοῦτον οὖν τὸν τίτλον πολλοὶ ἀνέγνωσαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἦν ὁ τόπος τῆς πόλεως ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς· καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί, Ἑλληνιστί, Ῥωμαϊστί.

RBT Greek Interlinear:

Strongs 3778; Touton; Τοῦτον; Him; DPro-AMS

Strongs 3767; oun; οὖν; therefore; Conj

Strongs 3588; ton; τὸν; the; Art-AMS

Strongs 5102; titlon; τίτλον; title; N-AMS

Strongs 4183; polloi; πολλοὶ; many; Adj-NMP

Strongs 314; anegnōsan; ἀνέγνωσαν; they knew thoroughly; V-AIA-3P

Strongs 3588; tōn; τῶν; the; Art-GMP

Strongs 2453; Ioudaiōn; Ἰουδαίων; Casters; Adj-GMP

Strongs 3754; hoti; ὅτι; that; Conj

Strongs 1451; engys; ἐγγὺς; [is] near; Prep

Strongs 1510; ēn; ἦν; was; V-IIA-3S

Strongs 3588; ho; ὁ; the; Art-NMS

Strongs 5117; topos; τόπος; place; N-NMS

Strongs 3588; tēs; τῆς; the; Art-GFS

Strongs 4172; poleōs; πόλεως; city; N-GFS

Strongs 3699; hopou; ὅπου; where; Adv

Strongs 4717; estaurōthē; ἐσταυρώθη; was staked; V-AIP-3S

Strongs 3588; ho; ὁ; the; Art-NMS

Strongs 2424; Iēsous; Ἰησοῦς; Salvation; N-NMS

Strongs 2532; kai; καὶ; and; Conj

Strongs 1510; ēn; ἦν; was; V-IIA-3S

Strongs 1125; gegrammenon; γεγραμμένον; that which has been written/drawn; V-RPM/P-NNS

Strongs 1447; Hebraisti; Ἑβραϊστί; in Hebrew; Adv

Strongs 4515; Rhōmaisti; Ῥωμαϊστί; in Latin; Adv

Strongs 1676; Hellēnisti; Ἑλληνιστί; in Greek; Adv

RBT Hebrew Literal:

The Place of the City

Therefore this one, the Punitive Title, multitudinous of the Casters thoroughly recognized/knew well, because the Place/Position of the City where the Salvation was staked was near, and he was being that which has been written/drawn in Hebrew, in Roman,¹²¹ in Greek.

A Mark of Punishment

In Hebrew letters.
In Roman letters.
In Greek letters.

τίτλος, ου (ὁ): Title or Punitive Tattoo.
Slaves and Criminals: In ancient Rome, criminals, especially slaves, might be branded with a tattoo or physical inscription (such as a titulus) indicating their crime or status. This could be done to mark them for life, so they could not escape identification. For example, a slave who escaped might be marked with the letters "FUG" (for "fugitivus" meaning runaway), or a criminal could be branded with the crime they committed.
Punitive Tattoos: There are references in literature, such as in the Rhetoric of Hermogenes (Rhét. 7.1), that suggest the use of tattoos or physical marks as a form of punishment. In some cases, these marks were meant to visibly brand the individual for life as a reminder of their crime or transgression.
Public Branding: Some ancient societies used public markings as a way to humiliate or ensure compliance. For example, Roman soldiers might have been marked with a titulus on their arms or foreheads to display loyalty or identify them as a part of a particular legion or group.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Then read many of the Jews this title: for the place was near the city where Jesus was crucified: and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, Roman.

LITV Translation:
Therefore, many of the Jews read this title, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city. And it had been written in Hebrew, in Greek, in Latin.

ESV Translation:
Error retrieving verse.

Footnotes

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"in Roman" or "in the Roman language" is more accurate than "in Latin" as a translation of Ῥωμαϊστί (Rhōmaïstí). While Ῥωμαϊστί can refer to the Latin language spoken by the Romans, it also encompasses the broader cultural and linguistic context of Roman civilization. Therefore, "in Roman" or "in the Roman language" captures the full meaning of Ῥωμαϊστί.