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RBT Translation:
a light253 you are making to the Chest, and to an ammah you are ending her from-to-above254 and the opening of the Chest you are placing in her side, bottom-ones, a pair, and a third-ones255 you are making her.
RBT Paraphrase:
a noon-light you are making into the Chest, and toward ammah you are ending her from and into above and the opening of the Chest you are placing within her side, bottom ones, a pair, and a third ones you are making her.
LITV Translation:
You shall make a window in the ark, and you shall finish it above to a cubit. And you shall set the door of the ark in its side. You shall make it with lower, second, and third stories.
ESV Translation:
Make a roof for the ark, and finish it to a cubit above, and set the door of the ark in its side. Make it with lower, second, and third decks.
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Thou shalt narrow the ark in making it, and in a cubit above thou shalt finish it, and the door of the ark thou shalt make on the side; with lower, second, and third stories thou shalt make it.

Footnotes

253

Strong’s #6672, tsohar. Feminine. This word elsewhere is found only in the masculine dual, tsoharayim, which is a form used for pairs of something. It means noon, or midday but concretely double-light. Only here on the Ark is it found in the feminine singular. It is not the typical word used for “light.” The Cambridge Bible states, “The word so rendered (ṣôhar) only occurs here in the singular: in the dual it is the regular Heb. word for ‘noonday.’” In 1 Chron. 8:8 there is a Benjamite father named Shaharaim which is also a dual word meaning two dawns. Noah’s single light above is apparently defined for us in Genesis 8:6 as an actual portal for sending out the raven and the dove. In Isaiah 16:3 we read,

Cause to come in counsel, make-you-all judgement, make-you your shadow as the night in the middle of the dual-light [tsoharayim], hide-you the outcasts, him-who-wanders never uncover.” Isa. 16:3 literal

and Amos 8:9, “And he HAS BECOME the Day of Himself, and oracle of master Yahweh, and I have caused to come in the Sun in the noon [dual-light]; and I have caused dark to the Earth in a day of light.” Additionally, Strong’s #6671, tsahar, the root verb means to press out oil.

254

to an ammah you are finishing her from-to-top-ward. Hebrew וְאֶל־אַמָּה֙ תְּכַלֶ֣נָּה מִלְמַ֔עְלָה (ve-el ammah t’kalennah milmalah). The word milmalah is literally from-to-top-ward. Or “Literally, from above to above;” Pulpit Commentary. There is a unique double set of prepositions prefixing the word top-part, as though Yahweh was commanding Rest to build in a specific way (direction?), as in building from the top and to the top. The suffix -ah adds -hers/herself.

The whole phrase has confounded translators and commentators from time immemorial. There are lots of conjectures and speculations. But maybe it’s an enigma: “It behooves you to be born from above [top?]” John 3:7. This word construct is found 24 times in Scripture. Translator’s definitions vary. But compare some of the other places it is used including the “ark” lid:

And you have given אֶת-the Cover upon the Chest from-to-the-top-her,” Exodus 25:21 RBT

255

These ordinals are in the plural. Shniyyim is spelled the same as the dual shnayyim double and may not be a plural form.